![]() The size of PEI-DNA complexes is not significantly affected by the free vs.Ninhydrin assay tracks the number of unprotonated amines in PEI.PEI buffering occurs due to continuous or discontinuous charging between stalled states.The aggregate form is uncollapsed and co-exists with the free chains.At neutral pH, the PEI chains are associated and the addition of NaCl initially reduces and then increases the extent of association. ![]() We studied the interplay between the aggregation and protonation behavior of 2.5 kDa linear PEI by pH probing, vapor pressure osmometry, dynamic light scattering, and ninhydrin assay. As a result, in solution PEI exhibits multiple buffering mechanisms, and polyelectrolyte states that shift between aggregated and free forms. The polymer has closely-spaced amines with weak-base protonation capacity, and a hydrophobic backbone that is kept unaggregated by intra-chain repulsion. ![]() Linear PEI is a cationic polymer commonly used for complexing DNA into nanoparticles for cell-transfection and gene-therapy applications. ![]()
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